Detection, Confirmation, and Treatment of Covid Patients in the Emergency Department
Triay Huerta, Claudio |
Recenzentas / Reviewer | |
Komisijos pirmininkas / Committee Chairman | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member |
Summary
Claudio Triay Huerta
Detection, confirmation, and treatment of Covid patients in the Emergency Department.
Aim and objectives: Aim: To gain a better understanding of the disease, its different manifestations and possible treatment methods. Objectives: 1-To study and analyse the evolution of the testing process, both economically and professionally, from the start of the disease to nowadays. 2-To collect and contrast the most important symptomatic manifestations of the disease. 3-To determine the best treatment methods and explain why. Methodology: In order to write an objective thesis, I started by doing a general information search based on both PubMed and current Covid recommendations, published by WHO and CDC. This step was started in June 2021, and completed in December 2021. This thesis includes meta analysis, scientific journals, systematic reviews, case studies, two websites and an article from a newspaper. Afterwards, specific information on each individual objective was searched, using combinations of the following words: Covid, alpha, delta, omicron, emergency, influenza, treatment, monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, PCR, antigen, serology, symptoms, mortality and prolonged. When it came to information on waves of the pandemic, I focused on the dates where that specific strain was active, and when talking about medication and symptomatology, I also focused on the specific variant that was the subject of each work. Only free access articles were used. Results: For my thesis I found 35 different articles and journal entries that fit the requirements in order to answer all the objectives. Conclusions: Throughout the whole pandemic, RT- PCR has been and is being used as the main diagnostic tool. During the first year of the pandemic, some methods were left out (serology, antibody titers) and others were implemented and even made available for public use (Rapid Antigen Tests). The initial symptomatology of the disease has prevailed through all known variants until now, with the ones presenting more severity relying on increased respiratory affectation (Delta). These are tiredness, myalgia, dry cough, sore throat, respiratory complications, loss of smell/taste, headache and GI complications. Regarding management of the disease, the treatment is mainly symptomatic, focusing on fever, headache, and in more complicated cases, respiratory support, be it with oxygen, bronchodilators, or intubation. Corticosteroids, as well as some antibiotics (Azithromcycin), can help the patient in order to have a milder symptomatology. Antivirals have proved to have good results on critical patients. Monoclonal Antibodies, which are being developed now, harbour high expectations for the future specific treatment of the virus.
Santrauka
Covid pacientų Aptikimas, Patvirtinimas ir Gydymas Skubios Pagalbos Skyriuje
Šiame darbe sistemingai apžvelgiamas Covid sergančių pacientų aptikimas, patvirtinimas ir gydymas. Šis tyrimas buvo atliktas naudojant „PubMed“ kaip medžiagos šaltinį. Per visą pandemiją RT-PGR naudojama kaip pagrindinė diagnostikos priemonė. Kai kurie metodai buvo praleisti (serologija, antikūnų titrai), o kiti buvo įgyvendinti ir paskelbti viešai (greitieji antigenu tyrimai). Pradinė simptomatika išlieka ta pati, o Delta sukelia didesnį kvėpavimo sutrikimą. Simptomai yra nuovargis, mialgija, sausas kosulys, gerklės skausmas, kvėpavimo takų komplikacijos, kvapo / skonio praradimas, galvos skausmas ir virškinimo trakto komplikacijos. Gydymas yra simptominis, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant karščiavimui, galvos skausmui ir kvėpavimo palaikymui, nesvarbu, ar tai būtų deguonis, bronchus plečiantys vaistai, ar intubacija. Simptomatologijai gali padėti kortikosteroidai, taip pat kai kurie antibiotikai (azitromicinas). Antivirusiniai vaistai yra naudingi kritiniams pacientams. Monokloniniai antikūnai kelia didelius lūkesčius.